Chapter VII

 Principles




1- Axis:

It can be defined as an imaginary line that regulates space, and is established by two points. On the example below, there is a dominating central axis from the center of the garden that runs across it.

Image:Versailles Gardens

2 - Symmetry:

Symmetry is most commonly thought of as the state in which an object is able to be divided about an axis or plane and the resulting parts will be mirror images of each other. There are other types of symmetry including radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry among others. Radial symmetry is the regular arrangement of body parts around a central axis, and in bilateral symmetry the halves of a composition mirror each other. The example is clearly a bilateral arrangement, in which the two sides mirror each other.

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3 - Hierarchy:

It is the degree of importance of all the different elements that are comprised in a space. It can be achieved through size, shape or placement of the elements we want to highlight. In the example, the architectural elements become greater than the actual interior decoration. The fireplace steals the show with its size and shape, then the window follows second and lastly the seating area.

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4- Datum:

Serves as the reference to which other elements can relate. In this case, the actual volume of the house its organizing the inside elements along its perimeter.

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5 - Rhythm and Repetition:

 Refers to movement that inherently creates a pattern or recurrence of elements, involving repetition. In the example below, the placement of the wood creates a pattern along the ceiling and the walls, which also reflect on the floor through the shadows, resulting in movement.

Image: Versailles Pavilion by
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 Architecture 

6- Transformation:

Is a process in which an idea develops in order to create something unique according to its particular purpose. In this last example, the architect wanted to create an extension of the interior space, so he transformed this terrace, in order to make it function efficiently according to the family’s needs.

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